Rats have a long and surprising history with humans — not just as pests, but as companions.
Domestication Began in the 19th Century (1800s):
The fancy rat — what we now call the domesticated rat — has roots in Europe, particularly Victorian England. People began keeping and breeding wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) for unique colors and temperaments. These early rat enthusiasts were among the first to truly domesticate rats for companionship, rather than hunting or pest control.
Science Helped Domesticate Them Further:
In the early 1900s, rats were also used extensively in scientific research. Through selective breeding, they became tamer and more predictable. Over time, this contributed to the domesticated rats we know today — friendlier, cleaner, and far less aggressive than their wild cousins.
Timeline Summary:
Pre-1800s – Rats were mostly seen as vermin, though some may have been kept for novelty or curiosity.
Mid-1800s – Rat-baiting was popular (gross but true), and rat catchers started noticing certain calm or uniquely colored rats and began breeding them.
Late 1800s – The first “fancy rats” were shown in exhibitions (the same way people show dogs or cats).
Early 1900s–Present – Rats became popular both in science and homes, leading to today’s affectionate pet rats.